Sintilimab/Axitinib Combination Demonstrates Antitumor Activity in RCC

The combination of sintilimab and axitinib (Inlyta) demonstrated tumor shrinkage and a tolerable safety profile in patients with advanced FH-deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC), according to findings from a phase 2 trial (NCT04387500). Results were presented at the American Urological Association Annual Meeting 2023.

The combination produced an overall response rate (ORR) of 65.2% (n = 15), with 13% of patients (n = 3) achieving a complete response and 52.5% of patients (n = 12) achieving a partial response. Additionally, 21.7% (n = 5) and 13% (n = 3) of patients had best responses of stable disease and progressive disease, respectively, and the disease control rate was 87% (n = 20). The average tumor shrinkage rate was 48%.

Non–clear cell RCC is a heterogeneous disease consisting of a variety of rare subtypes, including papillary type 1 and 2, chromophobe, translocation, collecting duct, and medullary disease. Each subtype has unique histological features, clinical manifestations, and responses to treatment, and some subtypes are still being reclassified.

“Although several studies explored the mechanism and potential therapeutic targets in FH-deficient RCC, efficacy of intervention against these targets is inadequate,” Xingming Zhang, of West China Hospital in Chengdu, said in a presentation of the data.

According to Zhang, although FH- deficient RCC has immune-hot primary tumors, the metastases have a more activated tumor immune microenvironment than the primary tumors. The study investigators hypothesized that FH-deficient RCC was characterized by high immune cell infiltration and relatively high PD-L1 expression. “Based on these findings, we proposed for the first time the immune checkpoint inhibitor combination treatment in FH-deficient RCC,” Zhang said.

This ongoing investigator-initiated trial is enrolling patients 18 years or older with FH-deficient RCC. Germline and/or somatic FH alterations and/or large deletions will be confirmed by gene testing. Patients are required to have an ECOG performance score of 2 or less and an expected survival of more than 3 months.

Enrollment began on June 2, 2021. In April 2023, 42 patients were screened and 37 patients from 7 centers and 12 provinces in China were enrolled in the trial. As of April 2023, 23 patients were evaluable for efficacy and 36 patients were evaluable for safety and quality of life (QOL). This trial plans to enroll a total of 41 patients from 8 sites.

Patients received sintilimab injections at 200 mg every 3 weeks plus oral axitinib at 5 mg twice daily. The coprimary end points of this trial were progression-free survival and ORR. Key secondary end points included overall survival and QOL. A biomarker analysis was also performed.

At a median follow-up of 10 months, by April 2023, 6 patients had disease progression and 2 patients had died from causes not related to cancer. Regarding patient- reported outcomes, Zhang noted that the mean Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Kidney Cancer Symptom Index–19 Item Version total score was stable after treatment with the combination, with a slight increase after 6 months of treatment, and that the visual analogue scale score also remained stable.

Zhang shared a representative case report of a 28-year-old woman who had previously undergone surgery for uterine fibroids and was admitted to a hospital because of a mass on her left kidney that was found by a CT scan. A positron emission tomography (PET)-CT scan indicated this mass to be left kidney cancer with multiple left adrenal and lymph node metastases. This patient underwent left radical nephrectomy and resection of the adrenal and retroperitoneal tumors. Eight months after this surgery, a PET-CT scan showed primary surgical site recurrence. This patient was enrolled in the phase 2 trial and received the sintilimab/ axitinib regimen.

“After 3 months of treatment, the tumor had completely disappeared,” Zhang explained.

All evaluable patients experienced adverse events (AEs) of any grade, with 25% of patients (n = 9) experiencing AEs of grade 3 or above. The most common AEs were proteinuria (all-grade, 72.2%; grade ≥ 3, 2.8%), hypertriglyceridemia (63.9%; 8.3%, respectively), increased blood creatinine levels (63.9%; 2.8%), hypothyroidism (61.1%; 0%), increased adrenocorticotropic hormone levels (58.3%; 0%), and hyperuricemia (47.2%; 0%).

“The combination of sintilimab and axitinib had a manageable safety profile and achieved a promising tumor response rate in [a] patient with advanced FH- deficient RCC,” Zhang concluded. This is an ongoing trial.

REFERENCE

1. Zhang X, Liu H, Zhang Y, et al. Phase II, multi-center study of sintilimab in combination with axitinib in patient with advanced fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma. Abstract presented at: American Urological Association 2023 Annual Meeting; April 28-May 1, 2023; Chicago, IL. Abstract PD24-09.