Interviews

Seiwert says in general, immunotherapies produce a response rate of between 20- to 25%, 1 in 4 patients respond, and the treatment type is equally effective in both HPV-positive and HPV-negative disease.

Zevallos says the study consisted of 66 patients and found that there were distinct genomic differences between HPV-positive smokers and non-smokers.

The two platforms involved in the study were the FHX regimen and a cisplatin radiation approach with accelerated radiation. Siltuximab was also used in the study as induction chemotherapy alongside carboplatin and paclitaxel.

Whitworth says that while it is generally perceived that the ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer patient population is the luminal subtype, 1 of every 5 of those patients would actually considered basal subtype.

Bear discusses studies adding treatments to chemotherapy in order to increase the pathological complete response (pCR) rate and the difficulties of translating those benefits into better overall survival (OS) rates for patients with breast cancer.

Winer says patients who do well on carboplatin and show both a good pathologic complete response and good disease free survival may be patients who have refractory disease and are responding well to the treatment, while others may be patients who were bound to do well regardless.

Seidman says currently there is not a HER2 histochemical test for gene amplification or signatures to best select patients for either CDK46 or MTOR inhibitor, as well for PI3 kinase inhibition.

Sharpe, whose lab aided in the discover of the pathway, says blocking the pathway in order to treat cancers is important because it allows T cells to work better.

Yardena Samuels, PhD, on the ineffectiveness of targeting a single gene of proteins in patients with melanoma. Samuels says this strategy may work for the short term for treatment, but patients would tend to develop a resistance much quicker to treatment strategies using this method.

Holmen says that utilizing targeted therapies could potentially be the answer, though clinically-tested combinations have historically not done as well as clinicians had hoped.

Randolph says pre-operative loss of voice tracks "robustly" with invasive thyroid cancer, and being aware of this issue before surgery helps surgeons better treat their patients.

Churilla said the majority of patients on a national level had insurance, with only 15% of patients utilizing medicaid and 5% of patients being uninsured.

Nussenbaum says the current balance in the treatment paradigm of larynx cancer is between surreal and cure, all while maintaining a functional preservation for the patient.

Frakes says the number of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer diagnoses year to year is growing, though the number of survivors is proportionate.

Weber says overactivity of these EGFR receptors may cause SCC tumors to become more aggressive. He adds that in a recent, small-scale study, effectively blocking the EGFR receptor in the tumor with anti-EGFR therapy proved to be successful.

Haraf says historically, medical professionals have treated patients with radiation therapy "from their eyebrows to their collarbones." This approach, while effective, has resulted in an abundance of toxicities.

Jonathan Schoenfeld, MD, MPH, discusses the immunologic effects of chemotherapy plus radiation, as well as radiation alone.

Twelves says a common misconception in breast cancer is that with the current flood of new treatments in HER2-positive breast cancer, the issue of breast cancer overall has been largely addressed.

Hamilton says there are currently not very many "good" drugs for treating these metastases. She adds that the mainstay for treating these metastases is usually some form of radiation therapy, such as whole brain radiation.

Siefker-Radtke says her preferred mathod of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is doxorubicin plus ifosfamide with an alternating regimen of etoposide cisplatin.

Beitsch says that while having a study that incorporates several thousands of patients will potentially produce statistically significant results, these larger groups may not account for subtypes in each patient's individual cancer.

Gulley says there is no standard procedure for the third line setting in bladder cancer, and that most oncologists would either turn to single-agent chemotherapy or to clinical trials.

Cooperberg says the likelihood of a patient for staying on active surveillance for 10 or 15 years is around 50%, though men who stay on active surveillance for between 6 months and 5 years generally see progression in their disease.

David Reardon, MD, clinical director, Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, discusses the future of immunotherapy in glioblastoma and how rindopepimut fits into that paradigm.

Mark Gilbert, MD, neuro-oncologist, chief of neuro-oncology, National Institute of Health, discusses predicting how a patient's brain tumor might act and respond to treatment based on their genetics.

Maciej Michal Mrugala MD, PhD, MPH, chief of the Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of Washington

Michael Lim, MD, director of Brain Tumor Immunotherapy, associate professor of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Medicine, discusses checkpoint inhibitors in glioblastoma.

Nicholas A. Butowski, MD, director, Translational Research in Neuro-Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, discusses the eligibility of patients with glioblastoma to receive a convection-enhanced delivery of nanoliposomal irinotecan with real-time imaging.

​Rimas Lukas, MD, director, Medical Neuro-Oncology, co-director, Neurology Medical Student Clerkship Program, The University of Chicago Medical Center, discusses the next steps following a phase I study looking at atezolizumab in glioblastoma.

Jonathan R. Strosberg, MD, associate professor, Moffitt Cancer Center, discusses the targeted, systemic radiation treatment 177-Lu-Dotatate (Lutathera), a somatostatin analogue peptide, in patients with neuroendocrine tumors.