ESMO Congress

Median overall survival was improved by 6.8 months with osimertinib as a first-line treatment for patients with&nbsp;metastatic, <em>EGFR</em>-mutant non&ndash;small cell lung cancer compared with erlotinib or gefitinib, despite crossover between arms, according to updated data from the phase III FLAURA study presented at the 2019 ESMO Congress.

The antibody&ndash;drug conjugate sacituzumab govitecan induced objective responses in about 30% of heavily pretreated patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma in initial results of a phase II trial that were presented at the 2019 ESMO Congress.

Median progression-free survival was improved by 5.6 months with PARP inhibitor niraparib as first-line treatment for patients with newly diagnosed, advanced ovarian cancer who responded to platinum-based chemotherapy&nbsp;compared with placebo, according to data from the phase III PRIMA study presented at the ESMO Congress 2019 and simultaneously published in the <em>New England Journal of Medicine</em>.

A final analysis of part 1 of the phase III CheckMate 227 trial showed that nivolumab plus ipilimumab led to survival benefits in previously untreated patients with advanced non&ndash;small cell lung cancer, regardless of PD-L1 expression status.

Cediranib in combination with olaparib demonstrated an improvement in&nbsp;progression-free survival when used as treatment for patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (PROC). However, the difference in PFS compared with chemotherapy did not achieve statistical significance, according to a randomized trial presented at the 2019 ESMO Congress.

Atezolizumab in combination with&nbsp;bevacizumab induced objective responses in patients&nbsp;with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, according to results presented at the 2019 ESMO Congress from 2 small clinical trials.&nbsp;

An objective response rate of 35.5% was seen with&nbsp;treatment with pemigatinib, a selective oral inhibitor of&nbsp;FGFR1, 2, and 3, in patients with&nbsp;previously treated, locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma with an&nbsp;<em>FGFR2&nbsp;</em>rearrangement or fusion,&nbsp;according to findings from the phase II FIGHT-202 clinical trial presented at ESMO 2019.

Single-agent atezolizumab improved overall survival in newly diagnosed patients with&nbsp;wild-type non&ndash;small cell lung cancer who had &ge;50% expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells or &ge;10% expression on tumor-infiltrating immune cells compared with platinum-based chemotherapy, according to the interim survival analysis of the phase III IMpower110 study.

In the phase III SPARTAN trial, the combination of androgen receptor apalutamide and androgen deprivation therapy led to an overall survival OS benefit&nbsp;compared with placebo/androgen deprivation therapy in patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, based on the updated findings presented at the 2019 ESMO Congress.

Results from the phase III IMpower130 trial demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in both progression-free survival and overall survival with a triplet regimen of&nbsp;atezolizumab, carboplatin, and nab-paclitaxel compared with chemotherapy alone in patients with previously untreated stage IV nonsquamous non&ndash;small cell lung cancer.

Cisplatin plus radiotherapy improved overall survival compared with cetuximab plus radiotherapy in patients with HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer, according to late-breaking research from the De-ESCALaTE HPV trial presented at the 2018 ESMO Congress.^&nbsp;Results from this trial support the use of chemoradiotherapy as the standard of care for treatment in this patient population.

Ulrik Lassen, MD, PhD, discusses the updated response findings with larotrectinib in TRK+ cancers.

Among patients with advanced solid tumors associated with <em>NTRK</em> gene fusions, more than half had responses to&nbsp;the small-molecule inhibitor entrectinib, according to an integrated analysis of 3 clinical trials presented at the 2018 ESMO Annual Congress.

Among men&nbsp;in the ongoing phase II TRITON2 trial with&nbsp;BRCA1/2 alterations, 51%&nbsp;had a confirmed prostate-specific antigen response to rucaparib (Rubraca), according to preliminary data reported in a poster presentation by&nbsp;Wassim Abida, MD, PhD, and colleagues at the&nbsp;2018 ESMO Congress.

Frontline maintenance therapy with olaparib demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in progression-free survival for women with&nbsp;<em>BRCA</em>-positive advanced ovarian cancer.

Larotrectinib induced an objective response rate of 80% in patients with advanced solid tumors who harbored&nbsp;<em>NTRK&nbsp;</em>gene fusions, according to results pooled from 3 small trials of the TRK inhibitor. Results were presented during the 2018 ESMO Congress.

Juergen Wolf, MD, medical director, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) at the University Hospital Cologne, discusses the phase II findings of the GEOMETRY mono-1 study in patients with MET exon 14-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Lead investigator Fabrice Andr&eacute;, MD, PhD, said findings from the SOLAR-1 trial are the first to show benefit in a genomic subgroup of patients with breast cancer and could open the door for genomic testing in breast cancer.

A combination of an immune checkpoint inhibitor and a VEGF inhibitor, avelumab and axitinib, induced 2-fold higher&nbsp;objective response rates compared with&nbsp;sunitinib in patients with treatment-na&iuml;ve advanced renal cell carcinoma, regardless of their PD-L1 expression.&nbsp;Progression-free survival was also significantly improved over sunitinib, according to findings from the phase III JAVELIN Renal 101 trial presented at the 2018 ESMO Congress.

In results from an analysis of the phase III&nbsp;PALOMA-3 trial, patients&nbsp;with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer who had progressed or relapsed on prior endocrine therapy achieved a clinically meaningful benefit in overall survival from&nbsp;the combination of palbociclib plus fulvestrant.&nbsp;

According to a presentation from the ERA 223 trial atthe 2018 ESMO Congress, no improvements in survival endpoints were seen with the addition of radium-223 dichloride to abiraterone acetate and prednisone in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

The combination of atezolizumab and nab-paclitaxel demonstrated a 2.5-month benefit in progression-free survival over nab-paclitaxel alone in&nbsp;patients with PD-L1&ndash;positive metastatic triple-negative breast cancer, according to findings of the phase III IMpassion130 trial presented at the 2018 ESMO Congress.

Patients with <em>EGFR</em>-mutant non&ndash;small cell lung cancer who had&nbsp;<em>MET</em> amplification and <em>EGFR</em> C797S mutations were most likely to have resistance to first-line treatment with&nbsp;osimertinib (Tagrisso),&nbsp;according to preliminary findings presented at the 2018 ESMO Congress.

Brian Rini, MD, professor of medicine, Cleveland Clinic, discusses subgroup findings from the IMmotion151 trial in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.&nbsp;

Triplet therapy for advanced, <em>BRAF</em> V600-mutant melanoma led to objective responses in 73% of a small group of patients enrolled in a phase I trial, according to updated results reported at the 2017 ESMO Annual Congress in Madrid.

H. Jack West, MD, medical oncologist, Swedish Cancer Institute of Swedish Medical Center, discusses the results of the&nbsp;phase III FLAURA study of frontline osimertinib (Tagrisso) in patients with&nbsp;EGFR-mutant non&ndash;small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

A multicenter retrospective analysis presented at the 2017 ESMO Congress found that a newly defined subset of patients treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy&nbsp;experienced accelerated tumor growth indicative of hyperprogressive disease (HPD).

Vx-001, a cancer vaccine that employs a new strategy targeting a universal tumor antigen, significantly improved overall survival in patients with advanced or metastatic non&ndash;small cell lung cancer who developed an immune response to the vaccine, according to findings presented at the 2017 ESMO Annual Congress in Madrid, Spain.

There was no overall survival improvement seen by expanding surveillance from chest x-ray to follow-up with PET-CT scan after surgery for patients with&nbsp;early-stage non&ndash;small cell lung cancer, according to data reported during the 2017 ESMO Congress.

According to findings presented at the 2017 ESMO Congress,&nbsp;nab-paclitaxel monotherapy demonstrated efficacy in patients with pretreated advanced nonsquamous&nbsp;non&ndash;small cell lung cancer that is not improved by the addition of CC-486.&nbsp;