AML

Interim phase II trial data showed that the combination of enasidenib, an oral small molecule inhibitor of mutant IDH2 proteins, and azacitidine, significantly improves complete remission and overall responses in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia with IDH2 mutations compared with azacitidine alone, according to results presented at the 2019 American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting.

An extended media overall survival of 9.9 months was achieved with CC-486 maintenance treatment compared with placebo for older patients with acute myeloid leukemia in first remission, according to findings from the phase III QUAZAR AML-001 trial presented at the 2019 American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting.<br /> <br /> &nbsp;

Onvansertib inhibits tumor growth in patients with acute myeloid leukemia who are resistant to venetoclax, according to the in-vitro and in-vivo data from a phase II trial announced in a press release issued by Trovagene, Inc.

Following the FDA&rsquo;S approval of gilteritinib in November 2018, adult patients with FLT3-mutant acute myeloid leukemia were able to receive the FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor when they relapsed or became refractory to a prior therapy. The agent has demonstrated promising efficacy in the population of patients with AML harboring FLT3 mutations.

Pinkal Desai, MD, discusses the factors a practicing physician should consider when selecting an appropriate induction therapy for patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

In an interview with&nbsp;Targeted Oncology, Eytan M. Stein, MD,&nbsp;reviews the current treatment landscape of acute myeloid leukemia, underscores the importance of molecular monitoring, and highlights where the field is headed.

At the 2019 Association for Molecular Pathology Annual Meeting and Expo, Adam Fisch, MD, PhD, presented a unique patient case where a patient with acute myeloid leukemia harboring a <em>FLT3</em>-TKD mutation lost the mutation following relapse on gilteritinib.<br /> &nbsp;

A technique involving BH3 profiling is emerging as a promising drug discovery tool for assessing whether a tumor is primed for cell death and would respond to anticancer therapy, according to a presentation at the 2019 Association for Molecular Pathology Annual Meeting.

Detailed results of the phase III ADMIRAL trial, which evaluated the use of gilteritinib in adult patients with FLT3 mutation&ndash;positive relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia, have been published in the New England Journal of Medicine and reaffirm the improved overall survival rate seen with gilteritinib compared with chemotherapy in these patients, according to a press release from Astellas Pharma Inc.

In October 2019, the FDA approved a new treatment option for patients with advanced ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer, as well as a new dosing regimen for patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Additionally, the FDA granted breakthrough therapy designations to 2 therapies, as well as an orphan drug designation, a priority review, and 2 fast track designations.

In the phase II biomarker-driven trial combining retinoic acid receptor alpha agonist SY-145 with azacitidine, newly diagnosed adult patients with RARA-positive acute myeloid leukemia who were unfit for intensive chemotherapy continued to show responses to the combination and demonstrate tolerability of the regimen, according to a press release from Syros Pharmaceuticals.

John DiPersio, MD, PhD, discusses targeted therapies for myeloid malignancies using DARTs, Bites, and antibody&ndash;drug conjugates, a topic he presented during the 2019 Society for Hematologic Oncology Annual Meeting.

Bemcentinib, a first-in-class AXL inhibitor, has been approved for a fast track designation by the FDA for the treatment of elderly patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia, according to a press release from BerGenBio.<br /> &nbsp;

Ivosidenib in combination with azacitidine demonstrated promising efficacy in addition to being well tolerated in patients with newly diagnosed <em>IDH1</em>-mutant acute myeloid leukemia who were ineligible for intensive chemotherapy.

Among patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome who completed myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the predictive utility of testing circulating tumor DNA was comparable with that of mutation persistence evaluation in matched bone marrow samples, according to a study published recently in Blood.

Gail Roboz, MD, discusses the use of FLT3 inhibitors as treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia, which can be a heterogenous and difficult-to-treat disease. There is a lot of optimism for new drugs and targets in AML, but the disease itself remains tough to treat, according to Roboz.

In an interview with&nbsp;<em>Targeted Oncology </em>during the 2019 SOHO Annual Meeting, John F. DiPersio, MD, PhD, discussed the challenges in research surrounding immunotherapies for AML, including DARTs, BiTEs, ADCs, and CARs.

In the phase III QUAZAR AML-001 trial, an investigational oral azacitidine therapy, CC-486, induced a statistically significant improvement in overall survival compared with placebo when used as a maintenance therapy in the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia who achieved a complete response or CR with incomplete blood count recovery following treatment with induction chemotherapy.

The FDA has granted a fast track designation to magrolimab for the treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome.

The addition of ixazomib to a combination of mitoxantrone, etoposide, and cytarabine demonstrated a promising rate of responses among patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia, according to the results of a phase I/II trial.

In an interview with <em>Targeted Oncology</em>, Robert L. Redner, MD, highlighted the new agents available for the treatment of AML and some of the ongoing studies that could impact clinical practice.

In an interview with <em>Targeted Oncology, </em>James&nbsp;McCloskey, MD, explained the need for consideration of elderly patients when designing clinical trials for <em>IDH</em>-mutated AML and other considerations when treating this patient population.

Patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia typically have low response rates to chemotherapy. However, some subsets of patients, particularly those with targetable mutations, may have long-term survival when given a novel FLT3 inhibitor like gilteritinib, as seen in the ADMIRAL trial, says Mark J. Levis, MD, PhD.

In an interview with&nbsp;Targeted Oncology, Richard M. Stone, MD, discussed the biggest controversies across a number of patient populations in AML. He also highlighted some areas of research he finds particularly exciting for the treatment of patients with AML.

The FDA has granted an orphan drug designation to MB-102, a CD123-directed CAR T-cell therapy, for the treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Myelodysplastic-Related Cytogenetics

Over the past 2 years, the amount of FDA-approved frontline treatments for patients with acute myeloid leukemia have increased. These emergent treatments have caused a shift in the standard of care for patients with AML and inspiring analyses of regimens that researchers believe can improve outcomes for AML treatment.&nbsp;

Naval G. Daver, MD, discusses how the efficacy compares between first- and second-generation FLT3 inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia.

In an interview with&nbsp;Targeted Oncology, Mark J. Levis, MD, PhD, discussed the findings from the follow-up analyses of the ADMIRAL trial that were presented at the 2019 ASCO Annual Meeting. He explained what these findings mean for the patient and what questions future research will aim to answer.