Longer PFS with Dato-Dxd in HR+/HER2- Inoperable or Metastatic Breast Cancer

Breast Cancer Cells: © LASZLO- stock.adobe.com

The Trop-2-directed antibody drug conjugate (ADC) datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) showed a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement when used as a treatment for patients with previously treated, hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative inoperable or metastatic breast cancer in progression-free survival (PFS) compared with investigator’s choice of chemotherapy, according to findings from the phase 3 TROPION-Breast01 trial (NCT05104866) presented during the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium.¹

Results showed that the study met its dual primary PFS end point; at the July 17, 2023, data cutoff, the median PFS by blinded independent central review (BICR) was 6.9 months in the Dato-DXd arm (n = 365) compared with 4.9 months in the chemotherapy arm (n = 367; HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.52-0.76; P < .0001). Additionally, the median PFS per investigator assessment was 6.9 months (95% CI, 5.9-7.1) vs 4.5 months (95% CI, 4.2-5.5), respectively (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.53-0.76).

By investigator assessment, the 6-, 9-, and 12-month PFS rates in the Dato-DXd arm were 55.2%, 34.7%, and 21.7%, respectively. In the chemotherapy arm, these rates were 36.9%, 20.9%, and 9.9%, respectively.

“Clinically, there is a need for better therapies in this setting,” Aditya Bardia, MD, MPH, a medical oncologist at Massachusetts General Hospital and an associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School in Boston, said during the presentation. “Dato-DXd is a Trop-2-directed ADC that selectively delivers a potent Topo-I payload to tumor cells. It has several unique properties. First, it has an optimized drug to antibody ratio. Second, it allows for tumor-selective delivery of the payload because of the cleavable linker, and this reduces off-target toxicity. Third, it has a stable linker payload which reduces off target toxicity. And fourth, it has [a] bystander anti-tumor effect which can address Trop-2 heterogeneity.”

TROPION-Breast01 was an open-label, global study that enrolled patients with hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer who previously received 1 or 2 prior lines of chemotherapy in the inoperable or metastatic setting. Eligible patients also needed to have an ECOG performance status of 1 or less and experienced progression on, or were deemed unsuitable for, endocrine therapy. Patients were stratified by number of lines of chemotherapy received in the unresectable/metastatic setting (1 vs 2), geographic location (United States/Canada/Europe vs the rest of the world), and treatment with a previous CDK4/6 inhibitor (yes vs no).

Once enrolled, patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 manner to receive either Dato-DXd or investigator’s choice of chemotherapy. Dato-DXd was given at a dose of 6 mg/kg intravenously on day 1 every 3 weeks. Investigator’s choice of chemotherapy consisted of eribulin mesylate, vinorelbine, or gemcitabine, all given on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks, as well as capecitabine given on days 1 through 14 every 3 weeks. Treatment continued until disease progression, unacceptable tolerability, or other discontinuation criteria.

The coprimary end points were PFS by BICR per RECIST 1.1 and overall survival. Secondary end points included overall response rate, investigator-assessed PFS, safety, patient reported outcomes, and time to first subsequent therapy (TFST).

The baseline patient characteristics were well-balanced between the 2 arms; the median age in the investigational and chemotherapy arms was 56 years (range, 29-86) vs 54 years (range, 28-86), respectively. Most patients in both arms were not Hispanic or Latino (88% vs 87%, respectively), underwent 1 prior line of chemotherapy (63% vs 61%), received a prior CDK4/6 inhibitor (82% vs 78%), and received a prior taxane and/or anthracycline (90% vs 92%).²

Additional findings from the study demonstrated that treatment with Dato-DXd offered a PFS benefit over chemotherapy in patients with and without brain metastases. The median PFS among patients with brain metastases at study entry in the investigational (n = 35) and chemotherapy (n = 23) arms was 5.6 months (95% CI, 3.0-8.1) vs 4.4 months (95% CI, 1.4-5.7), respectively (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.39-1.42). Patients without brain metastases experienced a median PFS of 7.0 months (95% CI, 5.7-8.1) vs 4.9 months (95% CI, 4.2-5.5) in the investigational (n = 330) and chemotherapy (n = 344) arms, respectively (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.51-0.75).¹

Similarly, patients achieved a PFS benefit with Dato-DXd vs chemotherapy regardless of prior duration of treatment with a CDK4/6 inhibitor. Patients in the Dato-DXd (n = 151) and chemotherapy (n = 136) arms who received a prior CDK4/6 inhibitor for a maximum of 12 months achieved a median PFS of 6.9 months (95% CI, 5.5-8.1) vs 4.2 months (95% CI, 4.0-5.5), respectively (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.45-0.81). Patients who received treatment with a prior CDK4/6 inhibitor for more than 12 months achieved a median PFS of 7.1 months (95% CI, 5.6-8.5) in the investigational arm (n = 153) vs 5.0 months (95% CI, 4.1-5.7) in the control arm (n = 164; HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.45-0.82).

Regarding TFST, patients in the Dato-DXd arm and the chemotherapy arm experienced a median TFST of 8.2 months (95% CI, 7.4-8.9) vs 5.0 months (95% CI, 4.6-5.7), respectively (HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.45-0.64). The median time to deterioration (TTD) in global health status/quality of life at first instance was 3.4 months vs 2.1 months, respectively (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.68-1.06). The confirmed median TTD was 9.0 months vs 4.8 months (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.58-0.98), respectively.

The median TTD at first instance favored Dato-DXd over chemotherapy regarding physical functioning (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.99) and pain (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.68-1.07) and the median confirmed TTD in physical functioning (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.59-1.01) and pain (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55-0.94) did as well.

In the safety population, treatment-related adverse effects (TRAEs) of any grade occurred in the Dato-DXd (n = 360) and chemotherapy (n = 351) arms at rates of 94% vs 86%, respectively, including 21% and 45%, respectively, of grade 3 or higher severity. Patients in both arms also experienced TRAEs associated with dose reduction (21% vs 30%), interruption (12% vs 25%), and discontinuation (3% vs 3%). Serious TRAEs of any grade (6% vs 9%) and of grade 3 or higher severity (5% vs 8%) were reported in both arms; 1 patient in the chemotherapy arm experienced a TRAE associated with death.

Treatment-related neutropenia of any grade occurred at rates of 11% and 42% in the Dato-DXd and chemotherapy arms, respectively. Treatment-related neutropenia led to dose interruption, reduction, and discontinuation at rates of 17%, 13%, and 0.3%, respectively in the chemotherapy arm; these rates were 0%, 0.3%, and 0%, respectively, in the Dato-DXd arm.

Any grade treatment-related stomatitis was present in both the investigational (50%) and control arms (13%), including grade 3 events at rates of 6% and 3%, respectively. Patients in both arms experienced dose interruption (1% vs 1%) and reduction (12% vs 1%) due to treatment-related stomatitis. One patient in the Dato-DXd arm discontinued treatment due to treatment-related stomatitis.

“TROPION-Breast01 met its primary end point by demonstrating a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in PFS by both BICR as well as investigator-assessed PFS,” Bardia said. “The results support Dato-DXd as a potential new therapeutic option for patients with endocrine resistant, metastatic hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.”

REFERENCES:

1. Bardia A, Jhaveri K, Im SA, et al. Randomized phase 3 study of datopotamab deruxtecan vs chemotherapy for patients with previously-treated inoperable or metastatic hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer: results from TROPION-Breast01. Presented at: 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 5-9, 2023; San Antonio, TX. Abstract GS02-01

2. Bardia A, Jhaveri K, Im SA, et al. Datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) vs chemotherapy in previously-treated inoperable or metastatic hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative (HR+/HER2–) breast cancer (BC): primary results from the randomised phase III TROPION-Breast01 trial. Ann Oncol. 2023;34(suppl 2):S1264-S1265. doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2023.10.015