Liso-cel Appears Effective in High-Risk Patients With MCL
Findings suggest that liso-cel may be an effective treatment option for patients with relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma and high-risk features, who have limited treatment options.
M. Lia Palomba, MD
Lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel; Breyanzi) showed promise as a treatment for patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma (R/R MCL), who also have high-risk features, according to findings from a subgroup analysis of the TRANSCEND NHL 001 (NCT02631044) presented at the 2024 Tandem Meetings on Transplantation & Cellular Therapy.1
Response rates, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) across subgroups were consistent with the overall MCL cohort. PFS was 15.3 months (95% CI, 6.6-24.9) in the overall MCL cohort, and 15.3 months (95% CI, 6.6-24.9) in patients with Ki-67 ≥ 30%, 24.0 months (95% CI, 2.4-not reached [NR]) in patients with Ki-67 < 30%, 7.4 months (95% CI, 3.3-NR) for patients with a TP53 mutation, and 7.8 months (95% CI, 3.1-NR) for patients with blastoid morphology. OS rates in each of the subgroups were 18.2 months (95% CI, 12.9-36.3), 18.2 months (95% CI, 10.7-NR), 13.5 months (95% CI, 2.4-NR), 17.1 months (95% CI, 6.6-NR), and 12.9 months (95% CI, 5.6-NR), respectively.2
Notably, high overall response rates (ORR) and a sustained complete response (CR) rate was observed, as well as extended PFS and OS rates. The ORR in the overall MCL cohort was 83% (95% CI, 73.3%-90.5%). ORRs were 85% (95% CI, 74.2%-93.1%), 71% (95% CI, 41.9%-91.6%), 89% (95% CI, 66.9%-98.7%), and 70% (95% CI, 49.8%-86.2%) in the Ki-67 ≥ 30%, Ki-67 < 30%, TP53 mutation, and blastoid morphology subgroups, respectively.1
While TP53 mutation assessment was limited, the study authors noted, patients in this subgroup experienced a lower median duration of response (DOR) at 6.2 months (95% CI, 2.3-NR), compared with the overall MCL cohort at 15.7 months (95% CI, 6.2-24.0). They added that this is likely due to a higher proportion of objective responders achieving a partial response (PR) rather than a CR.
Among those with a TP53 mutation who achieved a CR, responses were durable with 6 of 11 patients maintaining an ongoing response at the time of the data cutoff. Of the 7 patients with secondary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, response rates were high, with an ORR of 86% (n = 6) and a CR rate of 71% (n = 5). Three of 5 patients who achieved a CR were in an ongoing response at data cutoff.
“In this analysis of patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma with high-risk disease features consisting of Ki-67 proliferation index of equal or more than 30%, TP53 mutations, or blastoid morphology, and patients with secondary CNS lymphoma, liso-cel demonstrated clinically meaningful efficacy across all the subgroups with high response rates and durable responses,” explained M. Lia Palomba, MD, attending physician from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, in a presentation of the data.
High-risk features in relapsed/refractory MCL—such as TP53 mutation, high Ki-67 proliferation index, blastoid morphology, and secondary CNS involvement—are associated with a poor prognosis. Liso-cel is a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy that has been shown to be effective in R/R MCL treatment.
A clinical trial sought to evaluate the efficacy of liso-cel in 88 patients with R/R MCL and high-risk features after they received at least 2 prior lines of therapy. Enrollment in this cohort of the study was open to patients with PET-positive R/R MCL after ≥ 2 lines of prior therapy, including a Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi), alkylating agent, and CD20-targeted agent.
lymphoma cell, is a cancer of the lymphatic system: © Dr_Microbe - stock.adobe.com
Once enrolled, patients were treated with liso-cel at a target dose of 50 × 106 or 100 × 106 CAR+ T cells after lymphodepleting chemotherapy. Patients were allowed to have bridging therapy.
The primary end points of the study included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and ORR by independent review committee. Secondary end points of the study consisted of CR rate, DOR, PFS, cellular kinetics, health-related quality of life, hospital resource utilization, and OS.
Eighty-eight patients were enrolled in the MCL cohort and given liso-cel. Patients were followed for an average of 16 months (range, 0.4-60.5). In the overall MCL cohort, patients were heavily pretreated, having received an average of 3 prior chemotherapy regimens (range, 1-11), and the median age of patients was 68.5 years (range, 36-86). Among the patients treated with liso-cel, 75% had Ki-67 ≥ 30% and 17% had Ki-67 < 30% (not reported, 8%); 23% had TP53 mutation and 39% did not (indeterminate, 5%; not reported, 34%); and 31% had blastoid morphology and 55% did not (not reported, 15%).
The majority of patients with high-risk features also had disease refractory to last therapy received and/or to a prior BTKi, and had complex karyotype. Additionally, several patients (8%) had secondary CNS lymphoma, including 5 with refractory disease, 5 with Ki-67 ≥ 30%, 1 with a TP53 mutation, and 1 with blastoid morphology.
The safety profile of liso-cel remained consistent across different patient subgroups. This mirrored that observed with overall MCL cohort.Between high-risk and non-high-risk subgroups, TEAEs of special interest–including cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurological events–were similar and mostly low grade. Any-grade CRS was observed in 61% of patients and was grade 3 to 4 in 1%, while any-grade neurological events were seen in 31% of patients and were grade 3 to 4 in 9%. No grade 5 CRS or neurological events were observed.
Among the 7 pts with secondary CNS lymphoma, 5 had low-grade CRS and 3 had low-grade neurological events. No cases of grade ≥ 3 CRS or neurological events were observed; however, 1 patient had a grade ≥ 3 infection.
“Safety outcomes in the subgroups were generally consistent with those of the overall study population. There were no clear differences in pharmacokinetics observed across the subgroups,” said Palomba. “After liso-cel infusion, the incidence of B-cell aplasia peaked by month 2 in the overall study population.”
Overall, these results suggest that liso-cel is effective and safe in the MCL setting, even in patients with high-risk features. The study authors noted that more research is needed to confirm these findings, but liso-cel has the potential to improve the outlook for patients with R/R MCL and high-risk features.
“While some subgroups were limited by small numbers, these results suggest a favorable benefit-risk profile for liso-cel in patients with high-risk disease features, a patient population for which effective treatment options are at this point very limited,” concluded Palomba.
