Alectinib Granted Priority Review by the FDA in NSCLC

Sandra Horning, MD

Sandra Horning, MD

The FDA recently granted alectinib a priority review designation for patients who haveALK-positive, locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and progressed or are intolerant to crizotinib (Xalkori), according to the oral second-generation ALK inhibitor’s manufacturer, Genentech. The FDA’s action date for an approval decision is March 4, 2016.

The priority review is based on two phase II trials (NP28673¹and NP28761²), which demonstrated the robust activity of alectinib in patients withALK-positive NSCLC following progression on crizotinib (Xalkori), including individuals with CNS metastases.

“Alectinib was granted priority review by the FDA based on results from two studies showing the medicine shrank tumors in people withALK-positive NSCLC that progressed on crizotinib,” said Sandra Horning, MD, chief medical officer and head of Global Product Development at Genentech, in a statement. “There is a need for new treatment options in this patient population, especially because the disease often spreads to the brain at progression.”

Data from the phase II NP28673 and NP28761 studies were presented at the 2015 ASCO Annual Meeting.

In NP28673, crizotinib-pretreated patients were given alectinib at 600 mg orally twice daily until progression. One hundred twenty-two patients were evaluable for response. The median age of patients was 51.6 years, and 60% had baseline CNS metastases. Most patients (80%) had received prior chemotherapy.

The overall response rate (ORR) in the full population by independent review was 50% (95% CI, 40.8%-59.1%), which consisted of all partial responses. ORR by investigator assessment was 47.8% (95% CI, 39.3%-56.5%). The median duration of response by independent review was 11.2 months. The median progression-free survival (PFS) with alectinib was 8.9 months (95% CI, 5.6-11.3). 

"Alectinib achieved a robust response rate in crizotinib-resistant patient populations, a majority of whom received a platinum-based chemotherapy," said Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou, MD, PhD, a health science associate clinical professor at the University of California, Irvine, when presenting the data at ASCO 2015.

In all patients enrolled in the study with CNS metastases, the CNS-specific ORR was 57.1% (95% CI, 39.4%-73.7%), with a complete response (CR) rate of 27.4%. In those who have untreated CNS metastases, the CR rate was 43.5%.

"The disease control rate in the CNS was excellent, with a sustained median duration of 10.3 months," Ou commented. "These data taken together may signal a new standard of care for CNS metastases in ALK-positive non—small cell lung cancer."

The safety profiled of alectinib was consistent with previous research; grade 3/4 adverse events were relatively infrequent. Dyspnea, which occurred in 4% of patients, was the most frequently reported grade ≥3 adverse event.

Dose reductions due to adverse events were required in 8.7% of patients. Dose delays or interruptions were needed in 19.6% of patients.

"More than 90% of patients were able to tolerate alectinib without dose reductions," Ou said.

The second pivotal phase II study, NP28761, was an open-label, single-arm, multicenter trial that included 87 patients withALK-positive NSCLC who progressed on crizotinib. As in NP28673, patients received alectinib at 600 mg orally twice daily until progression.

ORR was 47.8% (95% CI, 35.6%-60.2%) by independent review and 46.0% by investigator assessment (95% CI, 35.2%-57.0%). In patients with CNS metastases, ORR was 68.8% by independent review (95% CI, 41.3%-89.0%).

The median duration of response was 7.5 months. Median PFS, although not yet mature, was 6.3 months.

The safety profile for alectinib was similar to adverse event reports with the ALK-inhibitor in previous studies. The most frequently reported grade ≥3 adverse events were increased blood levels of creatine phosphokinase (8%), increased ALT levels (6%), increased AST levels (5%), and dyspnea (3%).

Alectinib is currently being examined in the phase III ALEX study, which is comparing the drug with crizotinib in chemotherapy-naive patients withALK-positive NSCLC. In this study, alectinib will be administered at the same dose as in the phase II studies: 600 mg twice daily. The study authors hope to enroll 286 patients, with early results expected in 2018.

In 2013, alectinib received a breakthrough therapy designation from the FDA as a treatment for patients who haveALK-positive NSCLC following progression on crizotinib. Alectinib was approved in Japan in 2014, under the name Alecensa, for patients withALK-positive NSCLC.

References:

1. Ou IS-H, Ahn JS, Petris LD, et al. Efficacy and safety of the ALK inhibitor alectinib in ALK+ non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who have failed prior crizotinib: An open-label, single-arm, global phase 2 study (NP28673).J Clin Oncol. 2015;33 (suppl; abstr 8008).
2. Gandhi L, Shaw AT, Gadgeel SM, et al. A phase II, open-label, multicenter study of the ALK inhibitor alectinib in an ALK+ non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) U.S./Canadian population who had progressed on crizotinib (NP28761).J Clin Oncol. 2015;33 (suppl; abstr 8019).