November 2 2019

Building upon the initial successes of anti–PD-1 and anti–CTLA-4 therapies has been a major focus of drug development over the past several years—basically, in search of other agents that could generate “immune-synergy.” What the term means and implies is critically important: It refers to drugs that work better together than alone (or in sequence) through their individual mechanisms of action to enhance the host immune-response to cancer.

Given the frequency of <em>FGFR2</em>&nbsp;alterations in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, investigators have identified it as a potential prognostic indicator of survival and a rational target of systemic cancer therapies.

The early development of PARP inhibitors in 2003 focused on their use in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy agents, but this was eventually abandoned because of excess toxicity.

Precision medicine has afforded oncologists the opportunity to develop individualized approaches to treat non&ndash;small cell lung cancer, one of the most devastating malignant disorders, which until the past decade was thought to be invariably fatal within months.