Crowdsourcing Tumor Samples Could Advance Metastatic Breast Cancer Treatments

Nikhil Wagle, MD

A new nationwide research project is encouraging patients to share tumor samples and clinical information with researchers in the hope that it will lead to discoveries for new and improved treatment options and, ultimately, a cure, for metastatic breast cancer.

The Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC) Project was launched in October 2015, and more than 2000 patients from all 50 states have enrolled in the study over a 7-month period, according to lead study author Nikhil Wagle, MD, who presented an update on the initiative at a press briefing focused on precision medicine at the 2016 ASCO Annual Meeting.

Researchers credit their use of social media and the engagement of numerous advocacy groups to support and promote the effort for the project’s success to date, enabling them to recruit patients directly, rather than via patients’ individual physicians and institutions.

Having access to more tumor samples would help greatly to improve understanding of this disease, ideally ones that are linked to clinical information, explained Wagle, a medical oncologist at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and an associate member of the Broad Institute in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

“However, most tumor samples have not been available for these types of studies, largely because the vast majority of patients are treated in the community setting. In fact, most patients have never been asked if they would like to contribute a tissue sample or medical information for biomedical research.”

The MBC Project is hoping to change that paradigm. And what’s more, the researchers hope this proof-of-concept study may serve as a model for patient-driven research in other cancer types. “Partnering directly with patients through social media enables rapid identification of thousands of patients willing to share tumors, saliva, and medical records to accelerate research,” said Wagle.

To enroll, interested patients visit the website (MBCproject.org) to learn about the project, and if they are interested, they are asked to provide their contact information. Ninety-five percent of enrollees have also provided detailed information about their cancer, their treatments, and their experiences, allowing researchers to identify patients who have been challenging to locate in the past using traditional approaches, such as exceptional responders, patients who have been diagnosed at a very young age, and those who had metastatic disease as their initial diagnosis.

Once patients are signed up, they are asked to complete a 16-question survey about their cancer and treatment and an online consent form to permit researchers to obtain copies of their medical records and perform sequencing studies on their tumor and germline DNA. More than 1100 enrollees have consented thus far, the researchers reported. When consent is provided, they request the patient’s medical records and a portion of their stored tumor tissue. These tissue samples undergo genomic analysis, and the genomic information is analyzed in the context of clinical data. Patients are also asked to provide a saliva sample, using an at-home collection kit.

Median age of participants is 54 years, based on an analysis of the1227 patients who enrolled during the first 3 months of the study. Median time from initial diagnosis to progression to MBC was 2 years, with 424 patients presenting with metastatic disease at diagnosis. At this 3-month analysis, 87patients reported having MBC for >10 years, and 57% (n = 672) indicated that they had had an “extraordinary response” to a therapy.

Already, the information gathered is yielding intriguing research questions. For example, “one of the groups that have emerged as we looked at the patient-reported data is exceptional responders to chemotherapy,” said Wagle. “We don’t typically think of chemotherapies as targeted therapies that go after a particular feature in a patient’s tumor; yet, we see over and over again, a relatively small group of patients who say that they have an exceptional response to a particular chemotherapy. We feel that there might be some genomic or biological mechanism for that, and because of the information that patients are reporting, we will try and answer that question.”

Wagle stressed that all of the de-identified genomic and clinical data generated will be shared widely for other researchers to use: “It may not be my team that makes the next big discovery. We want other researchers to look at this, so that we can increase our chances of shared success.”

Alongside this promising research effort, a social media movement has emerged that emphasizes the partnership between researchers and patients, Wagle added.

“Over the past few weeks, we have been seeing more and more of these ‘selfies’ where patients have been saying, ‘count me in,’ showing pictures of themselves with their saliva kit and expressing pride and optimism about their participation in a project they hope will lead to better treatments for a disease that has a median survival of only 3 years and accounts for 7% of all deaths from cancer in the United States annually."

Panel moderator and ASCO spokesperson Sumanta K. Pal, MD, said that the MBC Project “offers patients a seamless way, using social media and other platforms, to provide their clinical information and specimens.”

“If this paradigm continues to enjoy the same success it has thus far, with incredibly rapid enrollment, this patient-driven model is something we should implement across disease types.”

Wagle N, Painter C, Krevalin, et al. The Metastatic Breast Cancer Project: a national direct-to-patient initiative to accelerate genomics research.J Clin Oncol.2016 (suppl; abstr LBA1519).