Age is Not All-Telling When Treating Older Adults With Breast Cancer, Expert Says

Arti Hurria, MD

When treating older patients with breast cancer, creating an individualized treatment plan is paramount, according to Arti Hurria, MD, who specializes in treating patients who are 65 and older. Hurria, who recently gave a presentation on treatment considerations for older patients during the16^thAnnual International Congress on the Future of Breast Cancer, said one of the major factors to consider is that a patient’s chronological age is not equal to their functional age.

“Age tells us very little about an older adult, and if we can deepen the way we think about this patient population, we can individualize treatment decisions for them,” Hurria said.

In an interview withTargeted Oncologyduring the congress, Hurria, director of the Cancer and Aging Research Program at City of Hope, shared the treatment considerations she makes when treating older patients, the unique challenges that come with treating this patient population, and the exciting future she envisions for this space.

TARGETED ONCOLOGY:Can you give an overview of your presentation on treatment considerations for older patients?

Hurria:What I talked about was how you make a treatment decision for an older adult with breast cancer and the factors that you should consider in that treatment decision-making process. We talked about what the data is regarding treatment for older adults with breast cancer and then brought in some of the data from geriatrics in order to think about that decision-making process with that older adult.

TARGETED ONCOLOGY:What factors should a physician take into consideration when treating an older patient?

Hurria:The idea is that the aging process is very heterogeneous, so there is a real difference between chronological age and functional age as an individual gets older. Hence, there could be two 80-year-old individuals who are very different and who have very different functional statuses and other medical problems. All of that needs to be taken into account when you're making that treatment decision. The idea is that if you can incorporate the principals of geriatrics into your oncologic care, you'll be able to understand an individual's functional age in comparison to their chronological age and utilize that when you're making a treatment decision.

TARGETED ONCOLOGY:Is there a specific treatment or regimen that you prefer to use for older patients?

Hurria:It completely depends upon many different factors, but 1 has to be how aggressive the tumor is. Also, when we're devising a treatment regimen for an older adult, it's important to think about the side effects. If an older adult has pre-existing neuropathy, we're very careful about taxanes. If they have pre-existing cardiac disease, we think about caution with anthracycline-based regimens. It's taking into account what their other medical problems are and then coming up with an individualized treatment plan for that patient.

TARGETED ONCOLOGY:What are the main challenges of treating older patients?

Hurria:The main challenge that we face is that older adults have been underrepresented in clinical research, in particular, the FDA registration trials. The studies lead to the approval of drugs and inform the package insert of how to dose those drugs. There have been very few patients that are older adults included within those studies. The challenge that oncologists face is how do I then dose the drug in an older patient population when the drug has primarily been studied in younger adults.

TARGETED ONCOLOGY:Are there any ongoing trials in which you think the older population is well represented?

Hurria:There are now a number of studies that are focusing on the older patient population, across a whole range of research. There's something called the U13, which was a grant that was a collaboration between the Cancer and Aging Research Group, the NCI, and the NIA. We had 3 conferences that laid out the research agenda for older adults and formed the platform for how this research should unroll within the next 10 years to help this patient population. One key part of that was the therapeutic studies and open studies that specifically focus on older adults, so we can understand how to dose these drugs and what are the side effects the patient might experience.

TARGETED ONCOLOGY:What do you envision the future of this space will look like?

Hurria:I think it's going to be incredibly exciting. Right now, we're in the midst of the baby boomers aging. By 2030, the largest growth in population is going to be people over the age of 80. These are the patients that we're seeing, because cancer is a disease that is associated with aging. Any bit that we can move the needle in this space is going to have huge implications for our field and how we treat patients. With that in mind, it's an incredibly exciting time for geriatric oncology and we welcome people to join us in doing this work so we can help this growing patient population.

TARGETED ONCOLOGY:What is the key take-home message of your presentation?

Hurria:The key point from my presentation was that treatment needs to be individualized for an older adult. A part of that process is knowing the data within oncology, but also the other part is knowing the data within geriatric oncology. That data being such that it can help you to individualize those treatment decisions. A key point is that to make a treatment decision with an older adult, you have to weigh not only what the benefits are, but also the potential risks of treatment.

To understand what those risks are, you can utilize a calculator that can calculate the risk of chemotherapy toxicity. You can go to the Cancer and Aging Research Group website and you can plug in 11 easy questions about your patient, and you can find out where they fall on the risk of side effects from cancer treatment, chemotherapy in particular. It will also tell you how you can intervene to try to decrease those risks. The biggest point is that chronological age does not equal functional age. Age tells us very little about an older adult, and if we can deepen the way we think about this patient population, we can individualize treatment decisions for them.

TARGETED ONCOLOGY:Is there anything you would like to add?

Hurria: