Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Jordan Gauthier, MD, MSc, discusses the rationale for combining ibrutinib with CD19-targeting chimeric antigen receptor T cells for the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Relapsed Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Kerry A. Rogers, MD, discusses phase II findings with obinutuzumab, ibrutinib, and venetoclax and the future of dose-limited regimens in CLL.

Nicole Lamanna, MD, discusses the significance of the 3-year follow-up data from the MURANO trial in patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

The combination of venetoclax with rituximab led to high rates of undetectable minimal residual disease for patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphoblastic leukemia. This was associated with a prolonged progression-free survival, according to a new analysis of a randomized trial presented at the 2018 ASH Annual Meeting.

The BTK inhibitor acalabrutinib demonstrated promising reponse rates in patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia, according to results from an open-label phase II trial.

During a recent&nbsp;<em>Targeted Oncology&nbsp;</em>case-based peer perspective presentation, William G. Wierda, MD, PhD, revealed the treatment options and decisions he makes when treating patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Wierda explained his treatment decisions based on a patient&rsquo;s case scenario.

Although there were a variety of encouraging data presented at the 2018 ASH Annual Meeting, CLL and multiple myeloma undoubtedly ruled the day, according to poll results. As these topics heated up on Twitter, a few experts took a moment to discuss their thoughts on some of the top abstracts that were presented.

A newly discovered recurrent mutation in the&nbsp;B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 protein&nbsp;in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia has been linked to venetoclax resistance.

Venetoclax monotherapy induced high rates of minimal residual disease in the peripheral blood and bone marrow in patients with&nbsp;relapsed/refractory chronic lymphoblastic leukemia in a pooled analysis of 2 clinical trials. Data from the analysis was reported during the poster session at the 2018 ASH Annual Meeting.

A significant reduction in the risk of&nbsp;disease progression or death was observed from treatment with the upfront combination of&nbsp;ibrutinib plus obinutuzumab in patients&nbsp;with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma compared with&nbsp;chlorambucil and obinutuzumab.&nbsp;

According to a presentation of findings from the&nbsp;phase II CLARITY study at the 2018 ASH Annual Meeting, ibrutinib in combination with&nbsp;venetoclax demonstrated tolerability among patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The combination also induced minimal residual disease negativity in the marrow in&nbsp;39% of these patients after 12 months.

Pembrolizumab in combination with&nbsp;umbralisib and ublituximab induced responses in 90% of patients&nbsp;with&nbsp;relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia, according to data from a phase I/II study presented at the&nbsp;2018 ASH Annual Meeting. Additionally, a&nbsp;50% response rate was also demonstrated in patients with&nbsp;Richter&rsquo;s transformation.

After 7 years of follow-up, single-agent ibrutinib demonstrated continued efficacy in&nbsp;the frontline and heavily pretreated, relapsed/refractory settings for patients with&nbsp;chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma.

Lisocabtagene maraleucel induced an 81.3% best overall response rate and 43.8% complete response in high-risk patients with&nbsp;chronic lymphocytic leukemia who were heavily pretreated and had previously received ibrutinib, according to dose-finding results presented at the 2018 ASH Annual Meeting.&nbsp;

According to a retrospective phase I/II study, over 80% of patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia responded to concurrent treatment with ibrutinib and the CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor CAR T-cell therapy, JCAR014.¹ Findings from this study were presented at&nbsp;the 60th American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting.

According to updated data from the phase II ELIANA study,&nbsp;CD19-targeted CAR T-cell therapy tisagenlecleucel as treatment of&nbsp;pediatric and young adult patients with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia sustained rates of&nbsp;relapse-free survival and overall survival at 24 and 18 months.&nbsp;

Progression-free survival was significantly improved with both ibrutinib as monotherapy and in combination with rituximab when&nbsp;compared to bendamustine plus rituximab as a treatment for older patients with newly diagnosed chronic lymphocytic leukemia. These data were presented at the 2018 ASH Annual Meeting.

Susan M. O&rsquo;Brien, MD, discusses the challenges with the 3 oral agents approved in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

CLL is a malignant disease characterized by progressive accumulation of immature, immunophenotypically distinct lymphocytes in the blood, bone marrow, and lymphatic tissues. Although the clinical course of CLL can be unpredictable, this disease is typically slow-progressing and occurs most often in patients &ge;65 years of age.&nbsp;As such, treatment, if indicated, is typically conservative.&nbsp;Current CLL treatments are not considered to be curative; however, long-term remission can be achieved in some patients using allogenic stem cell transplantation.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is characterized by the clonal proliferation and accumulation of small, mature-appearing CD5-positive B lymphocytes in the blood, bone marrow, and secondary lymphoid tissues.&nbsp;A CLL diagnosis is established by the presence of more than 5x109/L peripheral lymphocytes co-expressing CD5, CD19, and CD23, and weakly expressing CD20, CD79b, and surface immunoglobulin.&nbsp;Small lymphocytic lymphoma represents a clinical variant of CLL and is similarly managed.